chore: Bump version to 0.24.0

Updated all component versions:
- bd CLI: 0.23.1 → 0.24.0
- Plugin: 0.23.1 → 0.24.0
- MCP server: 0.23.1 → 0.24.0
- npm package: 0.23.1 → 0.24.0
- Documentation: 0.23.1 → 0.24.0

Added comprehensive CHANGELOG.md entry for 0.24.0 with 179 commits:
- Critical bug fixes (auto-import resurrection, sync conflicts, resource leaks)
- Performance improvements (GetReadyWork optimization, N+1 query elimination)
- New features (bd doctor --fix, bd clean, auto-detection)
- Enhanced AI agent support (context propagation, error handling)
- Cross-platform improvements (Windows, macOS stability)

.claude-plugin/plugin.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "beads",
   "description": "AI-supervised issue tracker for coding workflows. Manage tasks, discover work, and maintain context with simple CLI commands.",
-  "version": "0.23.1",
+  "version": "0.24.0",
   "author": {
     "name": "Steve Yegge",
     "url": "https://github.com/steveyegge"