feat: bd ready filters by external dep satisfaction (bd-zmmy)

GetReadyWork now lazily resolves external dependencies at query time:
- External refs (external:project:capability) checked against target DB
- Issues with unsatisfied external deps are filtered from ready list
- Satisfaction = closed issue with provides:<capability> label in target

Key changes:
- Remove FK constraint on depends_on_id to allow external refs
- Add migration 025 to drop FK and recreate views
- Filter external deps in GetReadyWork, not in blocked_issues_cache
- Add application-level validation for orphaned local deps
- Comprehensive tests for external dep resolution

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

internal/storage/sqlite/blocked_cache.go

@@ -113,27 +113,19 @@ func (s *SQLiteStorage) rebuildBlockedCache(ctx context.Context, exec execer) er
 	}
 
 	// Rebuild using the recursive CTE logic
-	// Includes both local blockers (open issues) and external refs (bd-om4a)
+	// Only includes local blockers (open issues) - external refs are resolved
+	// lazily at query time by GetReadyWork (bd-zmmy supersedes bd-om4a)
 	query := `
 		INSERT INTO blocked_issues_cache (issue_id)
 		WITH RECURSIVE
-		  -- Step 1: Find issues blocked directly by dependencies
+		  -- Step 1: Find issues blocked directly by LOCAL dependencies
-		  -- Includes both local blockers (open issues) and external references
+		  -- External refs (external:*) are excluded - they're resolved lazily by GetReadyWork
 		  blocked_directly AS (
-		    -- Local blockers: issues with open status
 		    SELECT DISTINCT d.issue_id
 		    FROM dependencies d
 		    JOIN issues blocker ON d.depends_on_id = blocker.id
 		    WHERE d.type = 'blocks'
 		      AND blocker.status IN ('open', 'in_progress', 'blocked', 'deferred')
-
-		    UNION
-
-		    -- External blockers: always blocking until resolved (bd-om4a)
-		    SELECT DISTINCT d.issue_id
-		    FROM dependencies d
-		    WHERE d.type = 'blocks'
-		      AND d.depends_on_id LIKE 'external:%'
 		  ),
 
 		  -- Step 2: Propagate blockage to all descendants via parent-child

internal/storage/sqlite/dependencies.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func (s *SQLiteStorage) AddDependency(ctx context.Context, dep *types.Dependency
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid dependency type: %q (must be non-empty string, max 50 chars)", dep.Type)
 	}
 
-	// Validate that both issues exist
+	// Validate that source issue exists
 	issueExists, err := s.GetIssue(ctx, dep.IssueID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check issue %s: %w", dep.IssueID, err)
@@ -33,31 +33,38 @@ func (s *SQLiteStorage) AddDependency(ctx context.Context, dep *types.Dependency
 		return fmt.Errorf("issue %s not found", dep.IssueID)
 	}
 
-	dependsOnExists, err := s.GetIssue(ctx, dep.DependsOnID)
+	// External refs (external:<project>:<capability>) don't need target validation (bd-zmmy)
-	if err != nil {
+	// They are resolved lazily at query time by CheckExternalDep
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check dependency %s: %w", dep.DependsOnID, err)
+	isExternalRef := strings.HasPrefix(dep.DependsOnID, "external:")
-	}
-	if dependsOnExists == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("dependency target %s not found", dep.DependsOnID)
-	}
 
-	// Prevent self-dependency
+	var dependsOnExists *types.Issue
-	if dep.IssueID == dep.DependsOnID {
+	if !isExternalRef {
-		return fmt.Errorf("issue cannot depend on itself")
+		dependsOnExists, err = s.GetIssue(ctx, dep.DependsOnID)
-	}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to check dependency %s: %w", dep.DependsOnID, err)
+		}
+		if dependsOnExists == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dependency target %s not found", dep.DependsOnID)
+		}
 
-	// Validate parent-child dependency direction
+		// Prevent self-dependency (only for local deps)
-	// In parent-child relationships: child depends on parent (child is part of parent)
+		if dep.IssueID == dep.DependsOnID {
-	// Parent should NOT depend on child (semantically backwards)
+			return fmt.Errorf("issue cannot depend on itself")
-	// Consistent with dependency semantics: IssueID depends on DependsOnID
+		}
-	if dep.Type == types.DepParentChild {
+
-		// issueExists is the dependent (the one that depends on something)
+		// Validate parent-child dependency direction (only for local deps)
-		// dependsOnExists is what it depends on
+		// In parent-child relationships: child depends on parent (child is part of parent)
-		// Correct: Task (child) depends on Epic (parent) - child belongs to parent
+		// Parent should NOT depend on child (semantically backwards)
-		// Incorrect: Epic (parent) depends on Task (child) - backwards
+		// Consistent with dependency semantics: IssueID depends on DependsOnID
-		if issueExists.IssueType == types.TypeEpic && dependsOnExists.IssueType != types.TypeEpic {
+		if dep.Type == types.DepParentChild {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parent-child dependency: parent (%s) cannot depend on child (%s). Use: bd dep add %s %s --type parent-child",
+			// issueExists is the dependent (the one that depends on something)
-				dep.IssueID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.IssueID)
+			// dependsOnExists is what it depends on
+			// Correct: Task (child) depends on Epic (parent) - child belongs to parent
+			// Incorrect: Epic (parent) depends on Task (child) - backwards
+			if issueExists.IssueType == types.TypeEpic && dependsOnExists.IssueType != types.TypeEpic {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid parent-child dependency: parent (%s) cannot depend on child (%s). Use: bd dep add %s %s --type parent-child",
+					dep.IssueID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.IssueID)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -152,9 +159,13 @@ func (s *SQLiteStorage) AddDependency(ctx context.Context, dep *types.Dependency
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to record event: %w", err)
 	}
 
-		// Mark both issues as dirty for incremental export
+		// Mark issues as dirty for incremental export
-		// (dependencies are exported with each issue, so both need updating)
+		// For external refs, only mark the source issue (target doesn't exist locally)
-		if err := markIssuesDirtyTx(ctx, tx, []string{dep.IssueID, dep.DependsOnID}); err != nil {
+		issueIDsToMark := []string{dep.IssueID}
+		if !isExternalRef {
+			issueIDsToMark = append(issueIDsToMark, dep.DependsOnID)
+		}
+		if err := markIssuesDirtyTx(ctx, tx, issueIDsToMark); err != nil {
 			return wrapDBError("mark issues dirty after adding dependency", err)
 		}
 

internal/storage/sqlite/external_deps.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ package sqlite
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -73,14 +74,27 @@ func CheckExternalDep(ctx context.Context, ref string) *ExternalDepStatus {
 
 	dbPath := cfg.DatabasePath(beadsDir)
 
-	// Open the external database (read-only)
+	// Verify database file exists
-	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", dbPath+"?mode=ro")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(dbPath); err != nil {
+		status.Reason = "database file not found: " + dbPath
+		return status
+	}
+
+	// Open the external database
+	// Use regular mode to ensure we can read from WAL-mode databases
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", dbPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		status.Reason = "cannot open project database"
+		status.Reason = "cannot open project database: " + err.Error()
 		return status
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
 
+	// Verify we can ping the database
+	if err := db.Ping(); err != nil {
+		status.Reason = "cannot connect to project database: " + err.Error()
+		return status
+	}
+
 	// Check for a closed issue with provides:<capability> label
 	providesLabel := "provides:" + status.Capability
 	var count int
@@ -92,7 +106,7 @@ func CheckExternalDep(ctx context.Context, ref string) *ExternalDepStatus {
 	`, providesLabel).Scan(&count)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		status.Reason = "database query failed"
+		status.Reason = "database query failed: " + err.Error()
 		return status
 	}
 

internal/storage/sqlite/migrations.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ var migrationsList = []Migration{
 	{"drop_edge_columns", migrations.MigrateDropEdgeColumns},
 	{"pinned_column", migrations.MigratePinnedColumn},
 	{"is_template_column", migrations.MigrateIsTemplateColumn},
+	{"remove_depends_on_fk", migrations.MigrateRemoveDependsOnFK},
 }
 
 // MigrationInfo contains metadata about a migration for inspection
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ func getMigrationDescription(name string) string {
 		"drop_edge_columns":            "Drops deprecated edge columns (replies_to, relates_to, duplicate_of, superseded_by) from issues table (Decision 004 Phase 4)",
 		"pinned_column":                "Adds pinned column for persistent context markers (bd-7h5)",
 		"is_template_column":           "Adds is_template column for template molecules (beads-1ra)",
+		"remove_depends_on_fk":         "Removes FK constraint on depends_on_id to allow external references (bd-zmmy)",
 	}
 	
 	if desc, ok := descriptions[name]; ok {

internal/storage/sqlite/migrations/025_remove_depends_on_fk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package migrations
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+)
+
+// MigrateRemoveDependsOnFK removes the FOREIGN KEY constraint on depends_on_id
+// to allow external dependencies (external:<project>:<capability>).
+// See bd-zmmy for design context.
+func MigrateRemoveDependsOnFK(db *sql.DB) error {
+	// Disable foreign keys for table recreation
+	if _, err := db.Exec(`PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _, _ = db.Exec(`PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON`) }()
+
+	// Begin transaction for atomic table recreation
+	tx, err := db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = tx.Rollback()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Drop views that depend on the dependencies table
+	// They will be recreated after the table is rebuilt
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ready_issues`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`DROP VIEW IF EXISTS blocked_issues`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Create new table without FK on depends_on_id
+	// Keep FK on issue_id (source must exist)
+	// Remove FK on depends_on_id (target can be external ref)
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE TABLE dependencies_new (
+			issue_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+			depends_on_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+			type TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'blocks',
+			created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+			created_by TEXT NOT NULL,
+			metadata TEXT,
+			thread_id TEXT,
+			PRIMARY KEY (issue_id, depends_on_id, type),
+			FOREIGN KEY (issue_id) REFERENCES issues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+		)
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Copy data from old table
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		INSERT INTO dependencies_new
+		SELECT issue_id, depends_on_id, type, created_at, created_by, metadata, thread_id
+		FROM dependencies
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Drop old table
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`DROP TABLE dependencies`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Rename new table
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`ALTER TABLE dependencies_new RENAME TO dependencies`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Recreate indexes
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE INDEX idx_dependencies_issue_id ON dependencies(issue_id)
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE INDEX idx_dependencies_depends_on ON dependencies(depends_on_id)
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE INDEX idx_dependencies_type ON dependencies(type)
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE INDEX idx_dependencies_depends_on_type ON dependencies(depends_on_id, type)
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE INDEX idx_dependencies_depends_on_type_issue ON dependencies(depends_on_id, type, issue_id)
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Recreate views
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS ready_issues AS
+		WITH RECURSIVE
+		  blocked_directly AS (
+		    SELECT DISTINCT d.issue_id
+		    FROM dependencies d
+		    JOIN issues blocker ON d.depends_on_id = blocker.id
+		    WHERE d.type = 'blocks'
+		      AND blocker.status IN ('open', 'in_progress', 'blocked', 'deferred')
+		  ),
+		  blocked_transitively AS (
+		    SELECT issue_id, 0 as depth
+		    FROM blocked_directly
+		    UNION ALL
+		    SELECT d.issue_id, bt.depth + 1
+		    FROM blocked_transitively bt
+		    JOIN dependencies d ON d.depends_on_id = bt.issue_id
+		    WHERE d.type = 'parent-child'
+		      AND bt.depth < 50
+		  )
+		SELECT i.*
+		FROM issues i
+		WHERE i.status = 'open'
+		  AND NOT EXISTS (
+		    SELECT 1 FROM blocked_transitively WHERE issue_id = i.id
+		  )
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err = tx.Exec(`
+		CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS blocked_issues AS
+		SELECT
+		    i.*,
+		    COUNT(d.depends_on_id) as blocked_by_count
+		FROM issues i
+		JOIN dependencies d ON i.id = d.issue_id
+		JOIN issues blocker ON d.depends_on_id = blocker.id
+		WHERE i.status IN ('open', 'in_progress', 'blocked', 'deferred')
+		  AND d.type = 'blocks'
+		  AND blocker.status IN ('open', 'in_progress', 'blocked', 'deferred')
+		GROUP BY i.id
+	`); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return tx.Commit()
+}

internal/storage/sqlite/multirepo.go

@@ -217,6 +217,30 @@ func (s *SQLiteStorage) importJSONLFile(ctx context.Context, jsonlPath, sourceRe
 		)
 	}
 
+	// Check for orphaned local dependencies (non-external refs) (bd-zmmy)
+	// The FK constraint on depends_on_id was removed to allow external:* refs,
+	// so we need to validate local deps manually.
+	orphanRows, err := conn.QueryContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT d.issue_id, d.depends_on_id
+		FROM dependencies d
+		LEFT JOIN issues i ON d.depends_on_id = i.id
+		WHERE i.id IS NULL
+		  AND d.depends_on_id NOT LIKE 'external:%'
+	`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to check orphaned dependencies: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer orphanRows.Close()
+
+	if orphanRows.Next() {
+		var issueID, dependsOnID string
+		_ = orphanRows.Scan(&issueID, &dependsOnID)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf(
+			"foreign key violation: issue %s depends on non-existent issue %s",
+			issueID, dependsOnID,
+		)
+	}
+
 	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
 	}

internal/storage/sqlite/ready.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/steveyegge/beads/internal/config"
 	"github.com/steveyegge/beads/internal/types"
 )
 
@@ -126,7 +127,113 @@ func (s *SQLiteStorage) GetReadyWork(ctx context.Context, filter types.WorkFilte
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
 
-	return s.scanIssues(ctx, rows)
+	issues, err := s.scanIssues(ctx, rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Filter out issues with unsatisfied external dependencies (bd-zmmy)
+	// Only check if external_projects are configured
+	if len(config.GetExternalProjects()) > 0 && len(issues) > 0 {
+		issues, err = s.filterByExternalDeps(ctx, issues)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check external dependencies: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return issues, nil
+}
+
+// filterByExternalDeps removes issues that have unsatisfied external dependencies.
+// External deps have format: external:<project>:<capability>
+// They are satisfied when the target project has a closed issue with provides:<capability> label.
+func (s *SQLiteStorage) filterByExternalDeps(ctx context.Context, issues []*types.Issue) ([]*types.Issue, error) {
+	if len(issues) == 0 {
+		return issues, nil
+	}
+
+	// Build list of issue IDs
+	issueIDs := make([]string, len(issues))
+	for i, issue := range issues {
+		issueIDs[i] = issue.ID
+	}
+
+	// Batch query: get all external deps for these issues
+	externalDeps, err := s.getExternalDepsForIssues(ctx, issueIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// If no external deps, return all issues
+	if len(externalDeps) == 0 {
+		return issues, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check each external dep and build set of blocked issue IDs
+	blockedIssues := make(map[string]bool)
+	for issueID, deps := range externalDeps {
+		for _, dep := range deps {
+			status := CheckExternalDep(ctx, dep)
+			if !status.Satisfied {
+				blockedIssues[issueID] = true
+				break // One unsatisfied dep is enough to block
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Filter out blocked issues
+	if len(blockedIssues) == 0 {
+		return issues, nil
+	}
+
+	result := make([]*types.Issue, 0, len(issues)-len(blockedIssues))
+	for _, issue := range issues {
+		if !blockedIssues[issue.ID] {
+			result = append(result, issue)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// getExternalDepsForIssues returns a map of issue ID -> list of external dep refs
+func (s *SQLiteStorage) getExternalDepsForIssues(ctx context.Context, issueIDs []string) (map[string][]string, error) {
+	if len(issueIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Build placeholders for IN clause
+	placeholders := make([]string, len(issueIDs))
+	args := make([]interface{}, len(issueIDs))
+	for i, id := range issueIDs {
+		placeholders[i] = "?"
+		args[i] = id
+	}
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
+		SELECT issue_id, depends_on_id
+		FROM dependencies
+		WHERE issue_id IN (%s)
+		  AND type = 'blocks'
+		  AND depends_on_id LIKE 'external:%%'
+	`, strings.Join(placeholders, ","))
+
+	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query external dependencies: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	result := make(map[string][]string)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var issueID, depRef string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&issueID, &depRef); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to scan external dependency: %w", err)
+		}
+		result[issueID] = append(result[issueID], depRef)
+	}
+
+	return result, rows.Err()
 }
 
 // GetStaleIssues returns issues that haven't been updated recently

internal/storage/sqlite/ready_test.go

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ package sqlite
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/steveyegge/beads/internal/config"
+	"github.com/steveyegge/beads/internal/configfile"
 	"github.com/steveyegge/beads/internal/types"
 )
 
@@ -1128,3 +1132,255 @@ func TestSortPolicyDefault(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected P2 second, got P%d", ready[1].Priority)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestGetReadyWorkExternalDeps tests that GetReadyWork filters out issues
+// with unsatisfied external dependencies (bd-zmmy)
+func TestGetReadyWorkExternalDeps(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create main test database
+	mainStore, mainCleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer mainCleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create external project directory with beads database
+	externalDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "beads-external-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create external temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(externalDir)
+
+	// Create .beads directory and config in external project
+	beadsDir := filepath.Join(externalDir, ".beads")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(beadsDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create .beads dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create config file for external project
+	cfg := configfile.DefaultConfig()
+	if err := cfg.Save(beadsDir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to save external config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create external database (must match configfile.DefaultConfig().Database)
+	externalDBPath := filepath.Join(beadsDir, "beads.db")
+	externalStore, err := New(ctx, externalDBPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create external store: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer externalStore.Close()
+
+	// Set issue_prefix in external store
+	if err := externalStore.SetConfig(ctx, "issue_prefix", "ext"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to set external issue_prefix: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Initialize config if not already done (required for Set to work)
+	if err := config.Initialize(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Configure external_projects to point to our temp external project
+	// Save current value to restore later
+	oldProjects := config.GetExternalProjects()
+	defer func() {
+		if oldProjects != nil {
+			config.Set("external_projects", oldProjects)
+		} else {
+			config.Set("external_projects", map[string]string{})
+		}
+	}()
+
+	config.Set("external_projects", map[string]string{
+		"external-test": externalDir,
+	})
+
+	// Create an issue in main DB with external dependency
+	issueWithExtDep := &types.Issue{
+		Title:     "Has external dep",
+		Status:    types.StatusOpen,
+		Priority:  1,
+		IssueType: types.TypeTask,
+	}
+	if err := mainStore.CreateIssue(ctx, issueWithExtDep, "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create issue: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add external dependency
+	extDep := &types.Dependency{
+		IssueID:     issueWithExtDep.ID,
+		DependsOnID: "external:external-test:test-capability",
+		Type:        types.DepBlocks,
+	}
+	if err := mainStore.AddDependency(ctx, extDep, "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add external dependency: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a regular issue without external dep
+	regularIssue := &types.Issue{
+		Title:     "Regular issue",
+		Status:    types.StatusOpen,
+		Priority:  2,
+		IssueType: types.TypeTask,
+	}
+	if err := mainStore.CreateIssue(ctx, regularIssue, "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create regular issue: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Debug: check config
+	projects := config.GetExternalProjects()
+	t.Logf("External projects config: %v", projects)
+
+	resolvedPath := config.ResolveExternalProjectPath("external-test")
+	t.Logf("Resolved path for 'external-test': %s", resolvedPath)
+
+	// Test 1: External dep is not satisfied - issue should be blocked
+	ready, err := mainStore.GetReadyWork(ctx, types.WorkFilter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetReadyWork failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Debug: log what we got
+	for _, issue := range ready {
+		t.Logf("Ready issue: %s - %s", issue.ID, issue.Title)
+	}
+
+	// Should only have the regular issue (external dep not satisfied)
+	if len(ready) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 ready issue (external dep not satisfied), got %d", len(ready))
+	}
+	if len(ready) > 0 && ready[0].ID != regularIssue.ID {
+		t.Errorf("Expected regular issue %s to be ready, got %s", regularIssue.ID, ready[0].ID)
+	}
+
+	// Test 2: Ship the capability in external project
+	// Create an issue with provides:test-capability label and close it
+	capabilityIssue := &types.Issue{
+		Title:     "Ship test-capability",
+		Status:    types.StatusOpen,
+		Priority:  1,
+		IssueType: types.TypeTask,
+	}
+	if err := externalStore.CreateIssue(ctx, capabilityIssue, "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create capability issue: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add the provides: label
+	if err := externalStore.AddLabel(ctx, capabilityIssue.ID, "provides:test-capability", "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add provides label: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Close the capability issue
+	if err := externalStore.CloseIssue(ctx, capabilityIssue.ID, "Shipped", "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to close capability issue: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Debug: verify the capability issue was properly set up
+	capIssue, err := externalStore.GetIssue(ctx, capabilityIssue.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get capability issue: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Logf("Capability issue status: %s", capIssue.Status)
+	labels, _ := externalStore.GetLabels(ctx, capabilityIssue.ID)
+	t.Logf("Capability issue labels: %v", labels)
+
+	// Close external store to checkpoint WAL before read-only access
+	externalStore.Close()
+
+	// Debug: check what path configfile.Load returns
+	testCfg, _ := configfile.Load(beadsDir)
+	if testCfg != nil {
+		t.Logf("Config database path: %s", testCfg.DatabasePath(beadsDir))
+		t.Logf("External DB path we created: %s", externalDBPath)
+	}
+
+	// Re-verify: manually check the external dep
+	status := CheckExternalDep(ctx, "external:external-test:test-capability")
+	t.Logf("External dep check: satisfied=%v, reason=%s", status.Satisfied, status.Reason)
+
+	// Now the external dep should be satisfied
+	ready, err = mainStore.GetReadyWork(ctx, types.WorkFilter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetReadyWork failed after shipping: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Should now have both issues
+	if len(ready) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 2 ready issues (external dep now satisfied), got %d", len(ready))
+		for _, issue := range ready {
+			t.Logf("Ready issue after shipping: %s - %s", issue.ID, issue.Title)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify both issues are present
+	foundExtDep := false
+	foundRegular := false
+	for _, issue := range ready {
+		if issue.ID == issueWithExtDep.ID {
+			foundExtDep = true
+		}
+		if issue.ID == regularIssue.ID {
+			foundRegular = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundExtDep {
+		t.Error("Issue with external dep should now be ready")
+	}
+	if !foundRegular {
+		t.Error("Regular issue should still be ready")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetReadyWorkNoExternalProjectsConfigured tests that GetReadyWork
+// works normally when no external_projects are configured (bd-zmmy)
+func TestGetReadyWorkNoExternalProjectsConfigured(t *testing.T) {
+	store, cleanup := setupTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Initialize config if not already done
+	if err := config.Initialize(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Ensure no external_projects configured
+	oldProjects := config.GetExternalProjects()
+	defer func() {
+		if oldProjects != nil {
+			config.Set("external_projects", oldProjects)
+		}
+	}()
+	config.Set("external_projects", map[string]string{})
+
+	// Create an issue with an external dependency (shouldn't matter since no config)
+	issue := &types.Issue{
+		Title:     "Has external dep but no config",
+		Status:    types.StatusOpen,
+		Priority:  1,
+		IssueType: types.TypeTask,
+	}
+	if err := store.CreateIssue(ctx, issue, "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create issue: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add external dependency (will be ignored since no external_projects configured)
+	extDep := &types.Dependency{
+		IssueID:     issue.ID,
+		DependsOnID: "external:unconfigured-project:some-capability",
+		Type:        types.DepBlocks,
+	}
+	if err := store.AddDependency(ctx, extDep, "test-user"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add external dependency: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Should skip external dep checking since no external_projects configured
+	ready, err := store.GetReadyWork(ctx, types.WorkFilter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetReadyWork failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Issue should be ready (external deps skipped when no config)
+	if len(ready) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 ready issue (external deps skipped), got %d", len(ready))
+	}
+}

internal/storage/sqlite/transaction.go

@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ func (t *sqliteTxStorage) AddDependency(ctx context.Context, dep *types.Dependen
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid dependency type: %q (must be non-empty string, max 50 chars)", dep.Type)
 	}
 
-	// Validate that both issues exist
+	// Validate that source issue exists
 	issueExists, err := t.GetIssue(ctx, dep.IssueID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check issue %s: %w", dep.IssueID, err)
@@ -609,24 +609,31 @@ func (t *sqliteTxStorage) AddDependency(ctx context.Context, dep *types.Dependen
 		return fmt.Errorf("issue %s not found", dep.IssueID)
 	}
 
-	dependsOnExists, err := t.GetIssue(ctx, dep.DependsOnID)
+	// External refs (external:<project>:<capability>) don't need target validation (bd-zmmy)
-	if err != nil {
+	// They are resolved lazily at query time by CheckExternalDep
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check dependency %s: %w", dep.DependsOnID, err)
+	isExternalRef := strings.HasPrefix(dep.DependsOnID, "external:")
-	}
-	if dependsOnExists == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("dependency target %s not found", dep.DependsOnID)
-	}
 
-	// Prevent self-dependency
+	var dependsOnExists *types.Issue
-	if dep.IssueID == dep.DependsOnID {
+	if !isExternalRef {
-		return fmt.Errorf("issue cannot depend on itself")
+		dependsOnExists, err = t.GetIssue(ctx, dep.DependsOnID)
-	}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to check dependency %s: %w", dep.DependsOnID, err)
+		}
+		if dependsOnExists == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dependency target %s not found", dep.DependsOnID)
+		}
 
-	// Validate parent-child dependency direction
+		// Prevent self-dependency (only for local deps)
-	if dep.Type == types.DepParentChild {
+		if dep.IssueID == dep.DependsOnID {
-		if issueExists.IssueType == types.TypeEpic && dependsOnExists.IssueType != types.TypeEpic {
+			return fmt.Errorf("issue cannot depend on itself")
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parent-child dependency: parent (%s) cannot depend on child (%s). Use: bd dep add %s %s --type parent-child",
+		}
-				dep.IssueID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.IssueID)
+
+		// Validate parent-child dependency direction (only for local deps)
+		if dep.Type == types.DepParentChild {
+			if issueExists.IssueType == types.TypeEpic && dependsOnExists.IssueType != types.TypeEpic {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid parent-child dependency: parent (%s) cannot depend on child (%s). Use: bd dep add %s %s --type parent-child",
+					dep.IssueID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.DependsOnID, dep.IssueID)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -695,12 +702,14 @@ func (t *sqliteTxStorage) AddDependency(ctx context.Context, dep *types.Dependen
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to record event: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Mark both issues as dirty
+	// Mark issues as dirty - for external refs, only mark the source issue
 	if err := markDirty(ctx, t.conn, dep.IssueID); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to mark issue dirty: %w", err)
 	}
-	if err := markDirty(ctx, t.conn, dep.DependsOnID); err != nil {
+	if !isExternalRef {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to mark depends-on issue dirty: %w", err)
+		if err := markDirty(ctx, t.conn, dep.DependsOnID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to mark depends-on issue dirty: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Invalidate blocked cache for blocking dependencies (bd-1c4h)