fix: Update minimum Go version requirement to 1.23

Fixes #34

Problem: Users with Go 1.18 were unable to install beads because go.mod
specifies 'go 1.23.0', which older Go toolchains cannot parse. The error
"invalid go version '1.23.0': must match format 1.23" occurs because
Go versions before 1.21 don't support the three-part version format.

Root cause: Our dependencies (especially modernc.org/sqlite) require Go 1.23,
which forces go.mod to use the 1.23.0 format. This is correct for our actual
requirements, but was incorrectly documented as requiring only Go 1.21.

Solution:
1. Updated install.sh to check for Go 1.23+ and show clear error messages
   if an older version is detected
2. Updated README.md to correctly state "requires Go 1.23+" instead of 1.21+
3. go.mod already correctly specifies go 1.23.0 (no changes needed there)

The version check in install.sh now:
- Parses the Go version from 'go version' output
- Compares major.minor version numbers
- Fails fast with helpful upgrade instructions if Go < 1.23

This prevents confusing build errors and guides users to upgrade Go before
attempting installation.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

install.sh

@@ -62,10 +62,27 @@ detect_platform() {
     echo "${os}-${arch}"
 }
 
-# Check if Go is installed
+# Check if Go is installed and meets minimum version
 check_go() {
     if command -v go &> /dev/null; then
+        local go_version=$(go version | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/go//')
         log_info "Go detected: $(go version)"
+
+        # Extract major and minor version numbers
+        local major=$(echo "$go_version" | cut -d. -f1)
+        local minor=$(echo "$go_version" | cut -d. -f2)
+
+        # Check if Go version is 1.23 or later
+        if [ "$major" -eq 1 ] && [ "$minor" -lt 23 ]; then
+            log_error "Go 1.23 or later is required (found: $go_version)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "Please upgrade Go:"
+            echo "  - Download from https://go.dev/dl/"
+            echo "  - Or use your package manager to update"
+            echo ""
+            return 1
+        fi
+
         return 0
     else
         return 1
@@ -158,7 +175,7 @@ build_from_source() {
 offer_go_installation() {
     log_warning "Go is not installed"
     echo ""
-    echo "bd requires Go 1.21 or later. You can:"
+    echo "bd requires Go 1.23 or later. You can:"
     echo "  1. Install Go from https://go.dev/dl/"
     echo "  2. Use your package manager:"
     echo "     - macOS: brew install go"