feat(dates): add --due and --defer timestamp options with natural language parsing (#847)

* feat(dates): add due date schema and --due flag

- Add due_at and defer_until columns to issues table via migration 035
- Implement --due flag on create command with ISO date parsing
- Extend RPC protocol and daemon to pass DueAt from CLI to storage
- Display DueAt and DeferUntil in show command output
- Update Issue type with new date fields

Users can now set due dates when creating issues, enabling deadline-based
task management.

* feat(dates): add compact duration parser (+6h, +1d, +2w)

- Create internal/timeparsing package with layered parser architecture
- Implement parseCompactDuration with regex pattern [+-]?\d+[hdwmy]
- Add comprehensive test suite (22 cases) for duration parsing
- Integrate into create.go with fallback to ISO format

Supports hours (h), days (d), weeks (w), months (m), and years (y).
Negative values allowed for past dates.

* feat(dates): add NLP parsing for natural language dates

Integrate olebedev/when library for natural language time expressions.
The layered parser now handles: compact duration → absolute formats → NLP.

Changes:
- Add olebedev/when dependency for NLP parsing
- Implement ParseNaturalLanguage and ParseRelativeTime functions
- Reorder layers: absolute formats before NLP to avoid misinterpretation
- Simplify create.go to use unified ParseRelativeTime
- Add comprehensive NLP test coverage (22 test cases)

Supports: tomorrow, next monday, in 3 days, 3 days ago

* feat(dates): add --defer flag to create/update/defer commands

Add time-based deferral support alongside existing status-based defer.
Issues can now be hidden from bd ready until a specific time.

Changes:
- Add --defer flag to bd create (sets defer_until on creation)
- Add --due and --defer flags to bd update (modify existing issues)
- Add --until flag to bd defer (combines status=deferred with defer_until)
- Add DueAt/DeferUntil fields to UpdateArgs in protocol.go

Supports: +1h, tomorrow, next monday, 2025-01-15

* feat(dates): add defer_until filtering to ready command

Add time-based deferral support to bd ready:

- Add --include-deferred flag to show issues with future defer_until
- Filter out issues where defer_until > now by default
- Update undefer to clear defer_until alongside status change
- Add IncludeDeferred to WorkFilter and RPC ReadyArgs

Part of GH#820: Relative Date Parsing (Phase 5)

* feat(dates): add polish and tests for relative date parsing

Add user-facing warnings when defer date is in the past to help catch
common mistakes. Expand help text with format examples and document
the olebedev/when September parsing quirk.

Tests:
- TestCreateSuite/WithDueAt, WithDeferUntil, WithBothDueAndDefer
- TestReadyWorkDeferUntil (ExcludesFutureDeferredByDefault, IncludeDeferredShowsAll)

Docs:
- CLAUDE.md quick reference updated with new flags
- Help text examples for --due, --defer on create/update

Closes: Phase 6 of beads-820-relative-dates spec

* feat(list): add time-based query filters for defer/due dates

Add --deferred, --defer-before, --defer-after, --due-before, --due-after,
and --overdue flags to bd list command. All date filters now support
relative time expressions (+6h, tomorrow, next monday) via the
timeparsing package.

Filters:
- --deferred: issues with defer_until set
- --defer-before/after: filter by defer_until date range
- --due-before/after: filter by due_at date range
- --overdue: due_at in past AND status != closed

Existing date filters (--created-after, etc.) now also support relative
time expressions through updated parseTimeFlag().

* build(nix): update vendorHash for olebedev/when dependency

The olebedev/when library was added for natural language date parsing
(GH#820). This changes go.sum, requiring an updated vendorHash in the
Nix flake configuration.

internal/types/types.go

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ type Issue struct {
 	CloseReason     string     `json:"close_reason,omitempty"`      // Reason provided when closing
 	ClosedBySession string     `json:"closed_by_session,omitempty"` // Claude Code session that closed this issue
 
+	// ===== Time-Based Scheduling (GH#820) =====
+	DueAt      *time.Time `json:"due_at,omitempty"`      // When this issue should be completed
+	DeferUntil *time.Time `json:"defer_until,omitempty"` // Hide from bd ready until this time
+
 	// ===== External Integration =====
 	ExternalRef *string `json:"external_ref,omitempty"` // e.g., "gh-9", "jira-ABC"
 
@@ -794,6 +798,14 @@ type IssueFilter struct {
 
 	// Type exclusion (for hiding internal types like gates)
 	ExcludeTypes []IssueType // Exclude issues with these types
+
+	// Time-based scheduling filters (GH#820)
+	Deferred    bool       // Filter issues with defer_until set (any value)
+	DeferAfter  *time.Time // Filter issues with defer_until > this time
+	DeferBefore *time.Time // Filter issues with defer_until < this time
+	DueAfter    *time.Time // Filter issues with due_at > this time
+	DueBefore   *time.Time // Filter issues with due_at < this time
+	Overdue     bool       // Filter issues where due_at < now AND status != closed
 }
 
 // SortPolicy determines how ready work is ordered
@@ -841,6 +853,9 @@ type WorkFilter struct {
 
 	// Molecule type filtering
 	MolType *MolType // Filter by molecule type (nil = any, swarm/patrol/work)
+
+	// Time-based deferral filtering (GH#820)
+	IncludeDeferred bool // If true, include issues with future defer_until timestamps
 }
 
 // StaleFilter is used to filter stale issue queries