---
id: formulas
title: Formulas
sidebar_position: 3
---

# Formulas

Formulas are declarative workflow templates.

## Formula Format

Formulas can be written in TOML (preferred) or JSON:

### TOML Format

```toml
formula = "feature-workflow"
description = "Standard feature development workflow"
version = 1
type = "workflow"

[vars.feature_name]
description = "Name of the feature"
required = true

[[steps]]
id = "design"
title = "Design {{feature_name}}"
type = "human"
description = "Create design document"

[[steps]]
id = "implement"
title = "Implement {{feature_name}}"
needs = ["design"]

[[steps]]
id = "review"
title = "Code review"
needs = ["implement"]
type = "human"

[[steps]]
id = "merge"
title = "Merge to main"
needs = ["review"]
```

### JSON Format

```json
{
  "formula": "feature-workflow",
  "description": "Standard feature development workflow",
  "version": 1,
  "type": "workflow",
  "vars": {
    "feature_name": {
      "description": "Name of the feature",
      "required": true
    }
  },
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "design",
      "title": "Design {{feature_name}}",
      "type": "human"
    },
    {
      "id": "implement",
      "title": "Implement {{feature_name}}",
      "needs": ["design"]
    }
  ]
}
```

## Formula Types

| Type | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `workflow` | Standard step sequence |
| `expansion` | Template for expansion operator |
| `aspect` | Cross-cutting concerns |

## Variables

Define variables with defaults and constraints:

```toml
[vars.version]
description = "Release version"
required = true
pattern = "^\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+$"

[vars.environment]
description = "Target environment"
default = "staging"
enum = ["staging", "production"]
```

Use variables in steps:

```toml
[[steps]]
title = "Deploy {{version}} to {{environment}}"
```

## Step Types

| Type | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `task` | Normal work step (default) |
| `human` | Requires human action |
| `gate` | Async coordination point |

## Dependencies

### Sequential

```toml
[[steps]]
id = "step1"
title = "First step"

[[steps]]
id = "step2"
title = "Second step"
needs = ["step1"]
```

### Parallel then Join

```toml
[[steps]]
id = "test-unit"
title = "Unit tests"

[[steps]]
id = "test-integration"
title = "Integration tests"

[[steps]]
id = "deploy"
title = "Deploy"
needs = ["test-unit", "test-integration"]  # Waits for both
```

## Gates

Add gates for async coordination:

```toml
[[steps]]
id = "approval"
title = "Manager approval"
type = "human"

[steps.gate]
type = "human"
approvers = ["manager"]

[[steps]]
id = "deploy"
title = "Deploy to production"
needs = ["approval"]
```

## Aspects (Cross-cutting)

Apply transformations to matching steps:

```toml
formula = "security-scan"
type = "aspect"

[[advice]]
target = "*.deploy"  # Match all deploy steps

[advice.before]
id = "security-scan-{step.id}"
title = "Security scan before {step.title}"
```

## Formula Locations

Formulas are searched in order:
1. `.beads/formulas/` (project-level)
2. `~/.beads/formulas/` (user-level)
3. Built-in formulas

## Using Formulas

```bash
# List available formulas
bd mol list

# Pour formula into molecule
bd pour <formula-name> --var key=value

# Preview what would be created
bd pour <formula-name> --dry-run
```

## Creating Custom Formulas

1. Create file: `.beads/formulas/my-workflow.formula.toml`
2. Define structure (see examples above)
3. Use with: `bd pour my-workflow`

## Example: Release Formula

```toml
formula = "release"
description = "Standard release workflow"
version = 1

[vars.version]
required = true
pattern = "^\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+$"

[[steps]]
id = "bump-version"
title = "Bump version to {{version}}"

[[steps]]
id = "changelog"
title = "Update CHANGELOG"
needs = ["bump-version"]

[[steps]]
id = "test"
title = "Run full test suite"
needs = ["changelog"]

[[steps]]
id = "build"
title = "Build release artifacts"
needs = ["test"]

[[steps]]
id = "tag"
title = "Create git tag v{{version}}"
needs = ["build"]

[[steps]]
id = "publish"
title = "Publish release"
needs = ["tag"]
type = "human"
```