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+# NixBook ext4 to btrfs Migration Guide
+
+## Overview
+This guide converts your nixbook machine from ext4 to btrfs with zstd compression and beesd deduplication while preserving your LUKS encryption and all data.
+
+## Current System Info
+- **Hostname**: nix-book
+- **Root filesystem**: ext4 on `/dev/disk/by-uuid/bd396529-e2c4-47cb-b844-8d6ed841f81a`
+- **Encryption**: LUKS with two devices configured
+- **Current usage**: 138GB used / 225GB total (65% full)
+- **Free space**: 76GB available (sufficient for conversion)
+
+## Pre-Migration Checklist
+
+### 1. Create Full System Backup (CRITICAL)
+```bash
+# Boot from NixOS live USB
+# Mount encrypted filesystem
+cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/4126fbd4-bd09-4ece-af0d-6fff414c21b3 luks-nixbook
+mount /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook /mnt
+
+# Create backup to external drive (adjust target as needed)
+rsync -avxHAX --progress /mnt/ /path/to/backup/nixbook-backup/
+```
+
+### 2. Verify Configuration Changes
+The following files have been updated for btrfs:
+- `machines/nix-book/configuration.nix` - Added beesd service
+- `machines/nix-book/hardware-configuration.nix` - Changed fsType to btrfs with compression
+
+## Migration Process
+
+### Phase 1: Boot to Live Environment
+1. **Create NixOS live USB**:
+   ```bash
+   # Download latest NixOS ISO
+   # Flash to USB drive
+   dd if=nixos-minimal-xx.xx-x86_64-linux.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress
+   ```
+
+2. **Boot from live USB** and ensure you can access the encrypted drives
+
+### Phase 2: Filesystem Conversion
+3. **Unlock LUKS volumes**:
+   ```bash
+   cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/4126fbd4-bd09-4ece-af0d-6fff414c21b3 luks-nixbook
+   cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/b614167b-9045-4234-a441-ac6f60a96d81 luks-nixbook2
+   ```
+
+4. **Check filesystem before conversion**:
+   ```bash
+   fsck.ext4 -f /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook
+   ```
+
+5. **Convert ext4 to btrfs** (this preserves all data):
+   ```bash
+   # Install btrfs-progs if not available
+   nix-shell -p btrfs-progs
+
+   # Convert the filesystem (takes 15-45 minutes depending on data)
+   btrfs-convert /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook
+   
+   # Verify conversion succeeded
+   mount /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook /mnt
+   ls -la /mnt  # Should show your normal filesystem
+   btrfs filesystem show /mnt
+   ```
+
+6. **Get new filesystem UUID** (may have changed):
+   ```bash
+   blkid /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook
+   # Note the new UUID if it changed
+   ```
+
+### Phase 3: Configuration Update
+7. **Mount and chroot into system**:
+   ```bash
+   mount -o compress=zstd,noatime /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook /mnt
+   mount /dev/disk/by-uuid/7A0B-CF88 /mnt/boot
+   nixos-enter --root /mnt
+   ```
+
+8. **Update hardware-configuration.nix** if UUID changed:
+   ```bash
+   # Edit /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix if needed
+   # Update the UUID in fileSystems."/" section
+   ```
+
+9. **Rebuild system with btrfs configuration**:
+   ```bash
+   cd /home/johno/nixos-configs
+   nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#nix-book
+   ```
+
+### Phase 4: Enable Compression and Deduplication
+10. **Reboot into new btrfs system**:
+    ```bash
+    exit  # Exit chroot
+    umount -R /mnt
+    reboot
+    ```
+
+11. **Verify btrfs is working**:
+    ```bash
+    mount | grep btrfs
+    btrfs filesystem usage /
+    ```
+
+12. **Enable and start beesd**:
+    ```bash
+    systemctl status beesd-root
+    systemctl start beesd-root
+    systemctl enable beesd-root
+    ```
+
+13. **Force compression on existing files** (optional but recommended):
+    ```bash
+    # This will compress existing files with zstd
+    btrfs filesystem defragment -r -czstd /
+    ```
+
+## Post-Migration Verification
+
+### Check System Health
+```bash
+# Verify btrfs health
+btrfs scrub start /
+btrfs scrub status /
+
+# Check compression effectiveness
+compsize /
+
+# Monitor beesd deduplication
+journalctl -u beesd-root -f
+
+# Check filesystem usage
+btrfs filesystem usage /
+df -h /
+```
+
+### Performance Monitoring
+```bash
+# Monitor beesd hash table
+ls -lh /.beeshash
+
+# Check compression ratio over time
+compsize /home /nix /var
+```
+
+## Expected Benefits
+
+### Space Savings
+- **Compression**: 20-30% reduction in disk usage from zstd
+- **Deduplication**: Additional 10-20% savings on duplicate files
+- **Combined**: Potentially 30-40% total space savings
+
+### Performance Impact
+- **Compression**: Minimal CPU overhead, often improves I/O performance
+- **Deduplication**: Background process, minimal impact during normal use
+- **Overall**: Should be neutral to positive performance impact
+
+## Rollback Plan (Emergency)
+
+If something goes wrong:
+
+1. **Boot from live USB**
+2. **Restore from backup**:
+   ```bash
+   cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/4126fbd4-bd09-4ece-af0d-6fff414c21b3 luks-nixbook
+   mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook
+   mount /dev/mapper/luks-nixbook /mnt
+   rsync -avxHAX --progress /path/to/backup/nixbook-backup/ /mnt/
+   ```
+3. **Restore original hardware-configuration.nix** with ext4 settings
+4. **Rebuild and reboot**
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Common Issues
+
+**"Device busy" during conversion**:
+- Ensure no processes are accessing the filesystem
+- Check with `lsof` and `fuser`
+
+**UUID changed after conversion**:
+- Update hardware-configuration.nix with new UUID
+- Regenerate initrd: `nixos-rebuild switch`
+
+**Beesd service fails to start**:
+- Check disk space for hash table
+- Verify filesystem is btrfs: `mount | grep btrfs`
+- Check logs: `journalctl -u beesd-root`
+
+**Boot issues after conversion**:
+- Boot from live USB
+- Check /boot partition is mounted correctly
+- Verify LUKS UUIDs match in configuration
+- Rebuild bootloader: `nixos-rebuild switch --install-bootloader`
+
+## Maintenance
+
+### Regular Tasks
+```bash
+# Monthly scrub (checks for corruption)
+btrfs scrub start /
+
+# Monitor compression effectiveness
+compsize /
+
+# Check beesd deduplication status
+systemctl status beesd-root
+```
+
+### Space Management
+```bash
+# Balance filesystem (defragments and optimizes)
+btrfs balance start -dusage=50 /
+
+# Check for space issues
+btrfs filesystem usage /
+```
+
+This migration preserves all your data while gaining the benefits of modern btrfs features including transparent compression and automatic deduplication.
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