DOCTOR IMPROVEMENTS: visual improvements/grouping + add comprehensive tests + fix gosec warnings (#656)

* test(doctor): add comprehensive tests for fix and check functions

Add edge case tests, e2e tests, and improve test coverage for:
- database_test.go: database integrity and sync checks
- git_test.go: git hooks, merge driver, sync branch tests
- gitignore_test.go: gitignore validation
- prefix_test.go: ID prefix handling
- fix/fix_test.go: fix operations
- fix/e2e_test.go: end-to-end fix scenarios
- fix/fix_edge_cases_test.go: edge case handling

* docs: add testing philosophy and anti-patterns guide

- Create TESTING_PHILOSOPHY.md covering test pyramid, priority matrix,
  what NOT to test, and 5 anti-patterns with code examples
- Add cross-reference from README_TESTING.md
- Document beads-specific guidance (well-covered areas vs gaps)
- Include target metrics (test-to-code ratio, execution time targets)

* chore: revert .beads/ to upstream/main state

* refactor(doctor): add category grouping and Ayu theme colors

- Add Category field to DoctorCheck for organizing checks by type
- Define category constants: Core, Git, Runtime, Data, Integration, Metadata
- Update thanks command to use shared Ayu color palette from internal/ui
- Simplify test fixtures by removing redundant test cases

* fix(doctor): prevent test fork bomb and fix test failures

- Add ErrTestBinary guard in getBdBinary() to prevent tests from
  recursively executing the test binary when calling bd subcommands
- Update claude_test.go to use new check names (CLI Availability,
  Prime Documentation)
- Fix syncbranch test path comparison by resolving symlinks
  (/var vs /private/var on macOS)
- Fix permissions check to use exact comparison instead of bitmask
- Fix UntrackedJSONL to use git commit --only to preserve staged changes
- Fix MergeDriver edge case test by making both .git dir and config
  read-only
- Add skipIfTestBinary helper for E2E tests that need real bd binary

* test(doctor): skip read-only config test in CI environments

GitHub Actions containers may have CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE or similar
capabilities that allow writing to read-only files, causing
the test to fail. Skip the test when CI=true or GITHUB_ACTIONS=true.

cmd/bd/doctor/claude_test.go

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ func TestCheckBdInPath(t *testing.T) {
 	check := CheckBdInPath()
 
 	// Just verify the check returns a valid result
-	if check.Name != "bd in PATH" {
-		t.Errorf("Expected check name 'bd in PATH', got %s", check.Name)
+	if check.Name != "CLI Availability" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected check name 'CLI Availability', got %s", check.Name)
 	}
 
 	if check.Status != "ok" && check.Status != "warning" {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ func TestCheckDocumentationBdPrimeReference(t *testing.T) {
 
 			check := CheckDocumentationBdPrimeReference(tmpDir)
 
-			if check.Name != "Documentation bd prime" {
-				t.Errorf("Expected check name 'Documentation bd prime', got %s", check.Name)
+			if check.Name != "Prime Documentation" {
+				t.Errorf("Expected check name 'Prime Documentation', got %s", check.Name)
 			}
 
 			// The status depends on whether bd is installed, so we accept both ok and warning